A sophisticated Edwardian ring featuring a rectangular cabochon of moss agate nestled in a 14K yellow gold filigree mounting. The quality of the piercing is superb. The moss agate is nicely transparent with intense deep green wisps that seem to float in the stone. Moss agate is a rather unusual gemstone selection for this style of setting, but the stone seems to have been a favorite of the designers at Larter, as we have seen several fine examples of its use in unexpected ways...

A generously-sized 14K gold locket featuring the image of a young woman wearing a bandeau of old mine cut diamonds in her flowing hair that extends to the edges of the locket, appearing almost as cresting waves. The interior retains the original frame insert. Marked "14K".

• Origin: America, ca...

Edwardian 14K gold crescent moon pendant necklace set with round sapphires and pearls. The sapphires have a lovely medium blue color with just a hint of violet. The pearls are slightly button-shaped and have very pretty luster. In Victorian and early Edwardian jewelry, the crescent shape symbolized feminine power personified in the moon goddess Selene/Juno. Brides were often given a crescent pin to wear during their honeymoon. Tested and guaranteed 14K.

• Origin: America, ca...

An elegant 18K yellow gold ring set with a faceted amethyst by famed mid-century Brazilian designer Haroldo Burle Marx. The sculptural quality of the design is highlighted by the contrast of wire-brushed and polished surfaces surrounding the deep violet amethyst. The interior of the shank is fully signed "Burle Marx 18K" and has Brazilian hallmarks.

Burle Marx worked in Brazil, and his only international boutique was at the Watergate Hotel in Washington, DC...

A Georgian 15K gold gentleman's ring set with a hematite intaglio with a rare image from Greek/Roman mythology. We see the buff god Apollo in his horse-drawn chariot being led by Eros ("Cupid"), the god of love. This scene depicts the beginning of the tale of the water nymph Daphne.

Best know as god of the sun, Apollo was also the patron god of archers. One day, he mocked Cupid for the small size of the latter's bow and arrows...

Spectacular vintage sterling and 5 stone turquoise cuff bracelet by Hopi Ralph Tawangyaouma (1880-1973). Possibly Lone Mountain, the stones are beautiful and free of chips or cracks. Measuring 5 1/2" around in the inside plus an additional 1 1/8" opening, it is 1 1/8" wide. Weighing 95 grams, it is hallmarked as shown. A gorgeous bracelet from this noted Hopi silversmith.

Wonderful Navajo cuff bracelet with great chiseling and stamping circa 1920-30. While this bracelet is from that time period, the design is very unusual and modern looking. It measures 5 1/2" around in the inside plus a 1 1/8" opening and is 1" wide. Weighing 57 grams, it is in fine original condition. Unsigned which is typical of the period. An outstanding piece.

This huge pin is the work of Taxco designer Hubert Harmon. Harmon was active for a short time, and this piece bears hallmarks dating 1944-1948. Collector quality, this is a hand-wrought brooch with exquisite repoussé silver work and a gorgeous bow and ribbon design...

This is a spectacular set of necklace, pin, and earrings which were produced 1930's - early 1940's in Mexico. The design is one which originated from Fred Davis, and also one which is very seldom seen. This set does not bear the FD mark from Davis, but is simply hallmarked "Silver Made in Mexico"...

A beautiful and unusual Art Deco ring, marked 18K gold. The central section has a stylized floral motif, with the leaves, petals, and central section with diamonds. This section is against a background of blue enamel over a guilloche substrate, enabling a wonderful depth and scintillating appearance. Surrounding the central section is a border of diamonds.

This stunning piece of craftsmanship has no condition issues, with all original diamonds, and no restoration to the metalwork...

This is an extremely rare Antonio Pineda 970 silver necklace with 11 amethyst drop dangles. The necklace has the "Silver By Tono" hallmark which dates it 1948-1953. A necklace with a very similar design is featured on page 103 of the catalogue from the Antonio exhibit titled "SILVER SEDUCTION". The necklace measures 15 5/8" end to end, is 2 1/8" wide at the longest point of the necklace and weighs 119 grams. The necklace clasps with a hook link at the back. It is in fine original condition...

A wonderfully detailed mallard duck, worked in multicolored 15K gold and green enamel flies across the finger in this Edwardian stickpin conversion ring. The feathers are beautifully worked in yellow, rose and green gold as well as a touch of platinum. The shank is 14K.

• Original stickpin, circa 1900
• Excellent condition
• 13/16" x 1/2"
• Size 7
• 2.3 grams

A large pair of 18K yellow gold Sputnik earrings by H Stern. The domes are bezel-set with round amethysts, citrines, aquamarines, peridots, green tourmalines, pink tourmalines and garnets. The Sputnik design was created in the 1950’s to highlight the range of colored gemstones available from Stern’s Brazilian mines. It later came to be called “Sputnik” for its resemblance to the spiky Soviet satellite launched in 1957...

A lovely 14K gold pendant designed as a young woman's face captured in a crescent moon. She wears a large brimmed bucket hat with trailing ribbons in the style of the early 20s. In Victorian jewelry symbology, the crescent moon was a reminder of the moon goddess Selene (AKA Luna) and was often used to signal female empowerment. The reverse is marked "14K."

• America, ca. 1920
• Excellent condition; converted from an antique stickpin
• Dimensions: 7/8" x 7/8" excluding bail

A large friendship token pendant or charm featuring a hand holding a gem-set bouquet. The design is presented against a stippled background outlined with an engraved border. The bouquet is set with a cabochon ruby, an emerald cut emerald and a brilliant cut sapphire. Jewelry featuring a hand and flower motif were usually given as tokens of affection or friendship in the Victorian era. The back is stamped “18K.”

• America, ca. 1900
• Excellent condition
• Dimensions: 1-1/8”...

A 14K gold Art Nouveau enameled violet and horseshoe pendant using the Victorian language of flowers to convey the sentiments "good luck" and "I'll always be true." The violet is centered with an old European cut diamond and the horseshoe is studded with seed pearls. The back retains the original pin and a folding, so the piece can be worn as a pin or pendant. The clasp is marked "14K."

• America, ca 1900
• Excellent condition; no enamel damage
• Dimensions: 13/16" x 7/8" exclud...

This delightful Victorian Art Nouveau pendant and pin features a four-leaf clover nestled inside a crescent moon, both set with seed pearls. The clover is centered with a .2-carat old European cut diamond. The combination of a flower and a crescent in Victorian jewelry was intended to convey the sentiment "honeymoon" and they were often a gift from a groom to his new bride. The four-leaf clover, of course, conveyed good luck. The reverse retains the original folding bail and a pin that's hidden ...

Circa mid-century, this bracelet from Margot van Voorhies Carr pulls out all the stops.

A very rarely seen piece, the front features a huge repoussé ribbon swirl, with graduated silver beading running through the middle and through the center of the bracelet. Hinged at the back, with the opening disappearing behind the front portion of the clamper. The spring hinge is perfect, and closes securely. This one is a real showpiece, and a worthy addition to the discriminating collector...

A beautiful American ring, marked 14K gold, set with a large central pearl surrounded by 12 deep blue sapphires. Excellent condition with a ring size of 7 3/4.

This very early Mexican brooch is unsigned as to the maker, hallmarked simply "Mexico Silver". The style is certainly similar to the work of Matilde Poulat / Matl.

Entirely handwrought with exquisite and intricate detailing. A rare and stunning pin. Three amethysts of varying sizes form the center body sitting between the wings.

Measures 2 3/4" wide and 1 3/4" tall.

Weight is 16 grams.

In excellent vintage condition.

This iconic masterpiece is the work of Antonio Pineda. It's a necklace which draws attention immediately to the wearer. Circa mid-century, executed in 970 silver, this lays perfectly upon the neck. Ten moonstone cabochons dangle from scalloped silver links, sitting in silver open-backed bezels. The stones glow from within - really beautiful moonstones. Tongue in box clasp is topped with a round domed moonstone which you push down on to open.

Measures a closed, wearable length of 1...

Circa 1930's - early 1940's, this Mexico City moth necklace was produced by M. Velazquez.

It's a magnificent piece with absolutely superb repoussé silver work. This silversmith's work is seldom seen and quite sought after, and this necklace is quite the showpiece.

Measures 19" interior end to end, which is also the closed, wearable length. The center link is 1 1/2" tall. I believe the clasp is original to the piece. It's identical to another M. Velazquez necklace I had ...

Circa mid-century, this is a rarely seen design from Antonio Pineda. I have seen hoop earrings from Antonio, but not this exact design with the rims.

These are fabulous! Repousse sterling silver hoop earrings which are very substantial - weighing 32 grams. Wide and puffy in the center, with a rim on each side. They are comfortable to wear and very secure. Hinged on one side, so simply open in the center to slide right on your ears. Classy, with an elegant modernist design.

A heavy pair of 18K yellow gold baton cufflinks, the faces with Florentined engraving and bands of round rubies at either end. The rubies have nicely saturated, strongly purplish-red coloring and eye-clean clarity. The back batons are finished with reeded engraving. The toggle connectors are marked with French 18K gold import marks.

• Circa 1950
• Excellent condition
• Dimensions: longer batons, 27/32"
Weight: 14.8 grams
• Approximate Total Ruby Weight: .50 carat.
...

This Matilde Poulat necklace bears her earliest block hallmark "Matl", and dates 1934-1940. It's a rare and beautiful piece, and it's also collector quality. Exquisitely hand-wrought, and it lays perfectly on the neck. A wonderful necklace which can be worn easily with any outfit and occasion. Measures 16" closed, wearable length. Width is 3/4". Weight is 69.7 grams. In excellent vintage condition with absolutely no issues whatsoever.

A nice quality and heavy 18K gold watch key enhanced with black enamel and seed pearls suspending a pair of foxtail chain tassels and a dog clip clasp. This was originally the cross bar and fob attachments for a Victorian watch chain. With the entire assembly attached to a necklace using the existing jump ring, the key and and tassels would make stunning "charms" and another charm of your choice could be attached to the dog clip. This last charm could be changed up depending on your mood! Stampe...

A wonderful Victorian 18K gold and jet watch chain that has been converted to a bracelet. The bracelet comprises variously-shaped baton and spherical beads. The original carved spherical watch fob and the crossbar dangle freely from the bracelet. The watch fob is carved in a stylized foliate pattern against a matte background. The spring ring is stamped "14K"; other elements are tested and guaranteed 14K.

• Era: ca. 1890
• Length: 7 3/8" (easily extended, if needed, with additional go...

A fine pair of Victorian 14K yellow gold tassel earrings. The foxtail chains are suspended from surmounts enhanced with foliate engraving, black taille d'epargne enameled borders and Etruscan ropetwist "ram's horns". The foxtail chains terminate in small gold balls. The earrings are a bit longer than most tassels and have a lot of movement when being worn. Tested and guaranteed 14K.

• ORIGIN America, ca 1880
• LENGTH 2 3/8" from tops of wires
• WEIGHT 12.3 grams
• CONDITIO...

An outstanding Retro 18K gold mesh buckle bracelet generously set with diamonds and rubies. The bracelet is constructed with alternating bands of rose and yellow gold, creating a subtle striped pattern. The buckle is topped with platinum and is set with old European cut diamonds around the frame and calibre-cut synthetic rubies (typical of the period) on the prong. The tip of the bracelet strap is channel-set with synthetic rubies. The diamonds are H/I color and VS1 clarity. The mesh has a serie...

A nice bracelet comprising twelve Victorian era 14K and 10K gold slides. The slides are in various styles, but are all original to the Victorian period. Slide bracelets enjoyed a moment of popularity in the 1930s when older Victorian pieces were dismantled and converted into a new style of charm bracelets. The first, tenth, eleventh and twelfth slides (L to R in the first photo) are 10K. The others are 14K. The diamonds, opals, turquoise and pearls are natural; the sapphires and rubies are glass...

An Edwardian 14K yellow and rose gold bracelet featuring three Essex crystals of flying ducks set between depicting cattails. The cattail leaves are worked in gold that is very slightly tinted green, and the brown part of the cattail is rose gold. Reverse-carved intaglios became popular in the Victorian era, especially to depict sporting and hunting themes. They remained popular through the early part of the 20th century. The crystal depict three different species, including a mallard. Each duck...

A pin featuring three horses, each sporting a red enamel bridle by the New York maker Sloan & Company. The horses are finely detailed. The clasp is stamped with Sloan's 14K mark.

• ORIGIN America, ca. 1920.
• DIMENSIONS 1 3/4" x 9/16".
• WEIGHT 5.4 grams.
• CONDITION excellent; no enamel damage; sharp detail.

Circa 1950's, this bold, edgy cuff from Bernice Goodspeed is a book-piece design shown on p. 132 of the Morrill/Berk book "Mexican Silver".

It's a hand-wrought piece with an intricate deeply carved design and an oxidized background. This is a fabulous bracelet, and one which is rarely seen.

It's a large cuff, measuring 5 3/4" inside edge-to-edge, with an opening/gap of an additional 1 1/2". Width is 2 9/16". Can be adjusted to fit just about any size wrist, but this shou...

A wonderful Victorian 14K gold comet pin worked in the Etruscan Revival style. The pin is decorated with ornate granulated rosettes and ropetwist motifs surrounding a single square Persian turquoise cabochon set at the comet's nucleus. The gold surfaces are bloomed for a soft sheen. Tested and guaranteed 14K.The pin was likely produced to commemorate the appearance of Halley's Comet in 1835.

• Origin: America, ca. 1835.
• Dimensions: 2 1/8" long.
• Weight: 4.4 grams.
• Con...

A glamorous pair of drop earrings in a formal Georgian style set with rose cut diamonds and richly colored pear-shaped rhodolite garnets. The gems are set in silver-topped 12K gold to heighten the color of the diamonds, in the manner of period Georgian jewels. The main body of the earring is hinged and swings freeely from the surmounts. The earrings are completed with a diamond-set fringe at the bottom edge. The rose cut diamonds have nice sparkle that nicely complements the rich purple color of...

A very rare pair of 14K yellow gold, diamond and lapis lazuli cufflinks designed by Erté in the "La Dentelle-State I" pattern. The faces of the cufflinks are shaped as stylized birds, with lapis cabochons for eyes. The exposed gold surfaces are engraved and cast in an intricate pattern of geometric bars and swirls to suggest feathers. Short bands of bead-set single-cut diamonds finish the design.

Known throughout his career as a costume designer and illustrator, Erté began designing jew...

A classic pair of double-sided 14K yellow gold cufflinks, the round faces enhanced with engine-turned engraving and opaque black champleve enamel borders. The borders are further accented with a gold strapwork motif. The connectors are marked with unidentified American hallmarks, “HB” and “14K”.

• Origin: America, ca. 1920.
• Condition: excellent, no enamel damage.
• Dimensions: 19/32” diameter.
• Weight: 9.2 grams.

This pre-1948 bracelet from Fred Davis is collector quality and a larger than life showpiece.

Composed of five huge oval amethyst cabochons framed within silver, the panels have a geometric design inspired by pre-Columbian clay stamps which Davis collected.

This bracelet is a book-piece design, shown in "Dreaming In Silver" by Penny C. Morrill, p. 69.

The amethysts measure 1 1/2" x 3/4". The stones are gorgeous, perfectly matched in a rich grape color with quartz ma...

A lovely 18K yellow gold, diamond and ruby love pendant (“medaille d’amour”) with a rebus spelling out Plus qu’hier, moins que demain,” (“More than yesterday, less than tomorrow.”) a line from the love poem written by Rosemonde Gérard to her husband Edmond Rostand (author of “Cyrano”) in 1889. The word “plus” is symbolized by a plus sign set with a rose cut diamond and the word “moins” by a minus sign set with rectangular cut synthetic rubies. In 1907, the Lyonnais jew...

Correctly signed and rare this Matl designed by Matilde Poulat is a find for the discerning eye. The drop is 4 inches across and 3in. tall including the dangles. The center comes together with a single amethyst cabochon and has many warmed, teal turquoise stones and a row of coral. The clasp shows off a cluster of turquoise cabochons. The length is 18.5 inches and the patina is very dark naturally. This has no damage to the silver and no areas with missing stones. Well cared for, just LOOK AT T...

A lovely 18K yellow and white gold, ruby and enamel love pendant (“medaille d’amour”) with a rebus spelling out Plus qu’hier, moins que demain,” (“More than yesterday, less than tomorrow.”) a line from the love poem written by Rosemonde Gérard to her husband Edmond Rostand (author of “Cyrano”) in 1889. The word “plus” is symbolized by a plus sign in white gold and the word “moins” by a minus sign set with rectangular cut synthetic rubies. In 1907, the Lyonnais jewelry ...

A lovely 18K yellow gold, diamond and ruby love pendant (“medaille d’amour”) with a rebus spelling out Plus qu’hier, moins que demain,” (“More than yesterday, less than tomorrow.”) a line from the love poem written by Rosemonde Gérard to her husband Edmond Rostand (author of “Cyrano”) in 1889. The word “plus” is symbolized by a plus sign set with a rose cut diamond and the word “moins” by a minus sign set with rectangular cut synthetic rubies. In 1907, the Lyonnais jew...

An elegant French 18K yellow gold 22" chain enhanced with randomly-spaced small semi-baroque pearls set at irregular lengths and finished with a bulldog swivel clip perfect for hanging interchangeable charms or pendants (as shown for illustration purposes). The pendant is being sold separately. It is item number 1405532 in our catalog. Stamped with French 18K marks.

• Origin: France, ca. 1900.
• Length: 22".
• Weight: 12.7 grams.

A lovely 18K yellow and white gold, ruby and enamel love pendant (“medaille d’amour”) with a rebus spelling out Plus qu’hier, moins que demain,” (“More than yesterday, less than tomorrow.”) a line from the love poem written by Rosemonde Gérard to her husband Edmond Rostand (author of “Cyrano”) in 1889. The word “plus” is symbolized by a plus sign in white gold and the word “moins” by a minus sign set with rectangular cut synthetic rubies. The remainder of the text is h...

Matl Matilde Poulat opened her shop in 1931.(Pack Davis) She with her nephew Salas produced folk art jewels that are sought after today. This signed example is studded with turquoise and clear, faceted amethyst squares. The silver work shows itself as an excellent example that is 7 in. long and 1.75in. tall. The weight is heavy at 63 grams as a bracelet with open air filigree. Collectors will not be disappointing with this bracelet.

Gorgeous on angles at a V and known to be a Valentin Vidaurreta design signed and produced by William Spratling. Inner diameter 2.25in. 2.5in. at highest point. The gap is 1.25in. and can be warmed by a professional jeweler to make smaller or larger. This silver is higher than 925 and is silky to the hand. The stones are Azure Malachite and shows off the natural silver sparkles that are within the the blue Lapis. A published and documented design in Penny Morrill's books on Mexican Silver. Condi...

A wonderful Victorian 14K gold fancy watch chain featuring large links that we’d now call “Gucci links” in rose gold, alternating with smaller connector links in a slightly more yellow shade. Each of the large links is pierced with a star motif and the edges are enhanced with a fluted and ribbed pattern. The smaller links are chased in a floral pattern. The chain is finished with a ring and t-bar closure. The chain has a very substantial, “chunky” appearance, but is of moderate weight ...

This mid-century bracelet was produced by Antonio Pineda. It's a superb piece with a sleek modernist design, a mirror-like finish, and ten gorgeous oval amethyst cabochons. It's a bracelet which works equally well with dressy or casual wear. The amethyst gemstones are bezel-set at the center of thick square silver panels in such a way as to appear to float. Executed in 970 silver, almost pure silver, the push button clasp is topped with an amethyst, giving a completely seamless appearance whe...

A striking pair of double-sided cufflinks worked in 18K yellow gold. Each hexagonal face is decorated with a blue and white champlevé enamel pattern that highlights its “quilted” texture. Each face is centered with a triangular sapphire cabochon bezel-set in platinum. The sapphires have bright color that beautifully accents the enamel. The faces are connected by chains. Each cufflink is marked “18Ct” and has another unidentified mark. They are well-traveled, also bearing old London imp...

A very finely-made Victorian memorial ring worked in 18K yellow gold and plaited hair. The ring is designed as belt, ornately decorated with open navette- and trefoil-shaped reserves, each showing the loved one’s hair. The gold surfaces are nicely engraved, and the whole is finished off with an ornate buckle centered with a escutcheon engraved with the initials “MW”. In Victorian symbology, the belt represented not only eternal love, but also strength and protection. A ring such as this, t...

A dainty Victorian pendant or bracelet charm designed as a spray of flowers against a woven background. The flowers are worked in rose and green gold, while the background is in yellow gold. A pendant of this size could easily be worn on a charm bracelet but would look even lovelier on a simple gold chain. Tested and guaranteed 12K gold.

• Origin: England, ca. 1850.
• Dimensions: 11/16” corner-to-corner.
• Weight: 2.1 grams.
• Condition: excellent; all original.

A nice 18K gold Venetian Etruscan fob charm set with oval brilliant cut citrines. The stones have intense orangey-yellow color and the gold surfaces are heavily decorated with applied wire-work and rosettes. Marked “750” for 18K gold.

• Origin: Italy, ca. 1955.
• Dimensions: 13/16” x 1-1/4” (excluding bail).
• Weight: 10.9 grams.
• Approximate Gemstone Weight: 9.76 carats.
• Condition: excellent; no dings; all original.

An unusually large 18K yellow gold, diamond and ruby love pendant (“medaille d’amour”) with a rebus spelling out Plus qu’hier, moins que demain,” (“More than yesterday, less than tomorrow.”) a line from the love poem written by Rosemonde Gérard to her husband Edmond Rostand (author of “Cyrano”) in 1889. The word “plus” is symbolized by a plus sign set with a rose cut diamond and the word “moins” by a minus sign set with rectangular cut synthetic rubies. In 1907, the Ly...

Circa 1948-1955, Hector Aguilar's Armadillo necklace is a work of art. It's a spectacular showpiece, with eleven overlapping discs which graduate in size and hang from a black velvet ribbon. The design was created by Valentin Vidaurreta. Measures 17" end to end, with a closed, wearable length of 16 1/2". The closure is a tight and perfect tongue in box. Weighs 88.1 grams. Signed and hallmarked with a conjoined HA, .940 Taxco, and the eagle assay 9. This mark is shown on p. 12 , pl...

An elegant pair of Victorian 18K yellow gold tassel earrings, the tops enhanced with bands of black taille d'epargne enamel and small natural pearls. The foxtail chains terminate in small balls. The earrings have a lot of movement when being worn. Each is stamped with French 18K gold marks and with an illegible master goldsmith's mark.

• Origin: France, ca. 1860.
• Condition: excellent; new 18K wires.
• Dimensions: 1-5/8" long from tops of wires.
• Weight: 9.3 grams.

A lovely 18K yellow and white gold and ruby heart-shaped love pendant (“medaille d’amour”) with a rebus spelling out Plus qu’hier, moins que demain,” (“More than yesterday, less than tomorrow.”) a line from the love poem written by Rosemonde Gérard to her husband Edmond Rostand (author of “Cyrano”) in 1889. The word “plus” is symbolized by a plus sign in white gold and the word “moins” by a minus sign set with rectangular cut synthetic rubies. The remainder of the text...

Two gorgeous vintage 1970s necklaces with genuine Mediterranean red coral graduated beads in soft barrel shapes. One is hand knotted in a continuous strand and one has a screw barrel clasp. Together they weigh 93 grams. The beads are polished, with many naturally occurring openings and some areas of dark brown and cream, again naturally occurring. The coral is guaranteed genuine, natural, and undyed. I am also listing a similar larger coral necklace from the same estate. The continuous strand ne...

A delightful Georgian harlequin ring featuring a marquise cut citrine surrounded by a border of alternating green and red stones—emeralds, rubies and paste. The mixing of natural and paste stones was not uncommon for the period. The citrine is foiled to impart a reddish-orange body color from certain angles. The stones are set in a closed-back setting. The shank is simply enhanced with a fleur-de-lis on each side where it joins the crown. Tested and guaranteed 18K gold, and bearing a later Fre...

A lovely 18K yellow gold, diamond and ruby love pendant (“medaille d’amour”) with a rebus spelling out Plus qu’hier, moins que demain,” (“More than yesterday, less than tomorrow.”) a line from the love poem written by Rosemonde Gérard to her husband Edmond Rostand (author of “Cyrano”) in 1889. The word “plus” is symbolized by a plus sign set with a rose cut diamond and the word “moins” by a minus sign set with rectangular cut synthetic rubies. In 1907, the Lyonnais jew...

A lovely 18K yellow and white gold, ruby and enamel love pendant (“medaille d’amour”) with a rebus spelling out Plus qu’hier, moins que demain,” (“More than yesterday, less than tomorrow.”) a line from the love poem written by Rosemonde Gérard to her husband Edmond Rostand (author of “Cyrano”) in 1889. The word “plus” is symbolized by a plus sign in white gold and the word “moins” by a minus sign set with rectangular cut synthetic rubies. The remainder of the text is h...